Muslim beliefs - Edexcel. Muslims believe in one God, Allah, who has many characteristics. Muhammad was the final prophet of Islam, to whom God revealed the Qur'an. There are two main branches The religious practice of Islam, which literally means "to submit to God", is based on tenets that are known as the Five Pillars ( arkan ), to which all members of the Islamic community ( umma) should adhere. Shahada (photo: Mustafa and Aziza, CC BY-SA 2.0) 1. Islamic is an adjective that modifies a non-human noun, as for example, "Islamic art," "Islamic architecture," "Islamic beliefs," etc. This term should not be used to refer to a person. A follower of Islam is called a Muslim, or "one who is in a state of peace by following God's guidance." The sun, the moon, the clouds, the mountains, the trees, the entire heavens and earth are all described as being in a state of Islam or being Muslim. "Have they not considered that whatsoever God has created casts its shadow to the right and to the left, prostrating to God while in a state of abject humility? Its function is best described in the Prophet's own words, namely that the mosque should be a garden of paradise. Islam's greatest architect was Sinan, a 16th century Ottoman builder who was responsible for the Sulaimaniye mosque in Istanbul. Islam. Table of Contents. Islam - Qur'an, Doctrines, Beliefs: The doctrine about God in the Qurʾān is rigorously monotheistic: God is one and unique; he has no partner and no equal. Trinitarianism, the Christian belief that God is three persons in one substance, is vigorously repudiated. The Qur'an, the sacred text of Islam, is believed to be the Word of God as revealed to the Prophet. Here Dr. Mustafa Shah describes the historical context of its revelation, its transmission and codification and its shared spiritual heritage with the other main Abrahamic faiths. Islam, major world religion that emphasizes monotheism, the unity of God ('Allah' in Arabic), and Muhammad as his final messenger in a series of revelations. As the literal word of God, the Qur'an makes known the will of God, to which humans must surrender (lending the name Islam, meaning 'surrender'). JSLiBf.